Willy Kurant: Welles DP on Immortal, Deep, Heroine

Postby Tony » Sat May 27, 2006 12:29 am

Jeff kindly mailed me an article by Willy Kurant, Welles's DP for 3 pictures, and I thought I'd mention some interesting points from this fascinating piece:

1. The Immortal Story: 1966: When Kurant met Welles, the latter was wearing pink lounging pajamas and smoking a cigar; (that's some image!).

2. They made The Immortal Story for TV, not for the cinema: Kurant suggested using "Colortran", a system which brought out very rich colours, since TV tubes weren't very sensitive then, and colour nuances weren't possible.

3. Twice there was a mistake made with the filming, but both times Welles thought the results were wonderful.

4. Either Welles or Kurant were always first on the set, as both were worried they would sleep in.

5. Welles often improvised and asked Kurant to film something unscheduled.

6. They not only used a large camera, but very small ones too; as Kurant writes; "I worked less often with a heavy camera than with a light French one, the Cameflex, the favorite of the New Wave...it was the only camera that allowed Welles- who had a very large head- to look in the viewfinder, since it was extendable and could be pulled out to the side." [ Tony note: Kurant was the DP for Godard's "Masculin, féminin".]

7. Kurant had a Triumph sports car, a very small car, which Welles asked to drive: unfortunately, he couldn't get out of it, and a grip had to unscrew the seat. However, Welles laughed the loudest and with good nature.

8. In Madrid and Chinchon it was often minus 3 or 4 degrees, so Welles would suck on ice cubes so his breath wouldn't show on film.

9. In Macao, some of the equipment, such as the truck and dolly, arrived late, so they shot using hand-held cameras.

10. Kurant convinced Welles that substituting a 150 mm lense for tracking shots from a camera truck would work, even though Welles had never used anything higher than a 32 mm previously. Welles was "...a little worried at first but he ended up really liking the impression of speed and the stroboscopic effect."

11. When they were shooting scenes with Welles in them, they would set them up with a double sitting in for him, and they would measure everything carefully; however, as Kurant notes: "... It cracked us up that no matter what measurements were taken, we never ended up with the same results."

12. Welles never knew his lines, so cards and blackboards were used with his lines on them: "Welles would often screw up his eyes onscreen, which actually meant he was looking at the cards. It was extraordinary!"

Here's some images:

Here are Welles in costume and Kurant behind a rather small camera:

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Here's an interesting shot of Welles and Moreau on the set with a huge camera:

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This is the cover of the Spanish press book for The Immortal Story; note that it was shown along with the Francois Reichenbach documentary "Portrait of Orson Welles" (which won the Berlin Film Festival's best short film award), and also that Welles is depicted out of makeup, apparently directing, making for an interesting synthesis of the meaning of the story and Welles's life as a director:

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Here's a rare poster from Argentina (!), dated 1969: in the bottom right corner is a picture of the Berlin Film Festival's Golden Bear, which the film was in competition for, but didn't win:

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Here's a gorgeous shot of Kurant's:

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13. The Heroine: another Dinesen story: I've always read there was to be a trilogy, but Kurant reveals that Welles was only going to film The Heroine as a 30 minute film meant to be a companion piece to The Immortal story, so together they would make a feature film: this was in 1969, a year after Immortal had already been shown on French TV. The Heroine was to be shot in Budapest and starrring Oja Kodar. They began filming just before Easter, and a prologue was shot featuring two English actors; here's a couple of stills, remarkably reminiscent of Ambersons:

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And here's a shot of Welles on the Heroine set:

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Unfortunately, the state-run film company was charging outrageous fees; Welles discussed this with Kurant and made the latter the new poduction manager on the spot! When they stoppped for a 3 day break for Easter, Kurant saw Welles on the stairs of the hotel one evening, and Welles mysteriously said "Don't call me, I'll call you." Then, he dissappeared. Nobody knew where he had gone, and for two days everyone was in a panic; finally, the hotel manager broke down the door to Welles's room, thinking that perhaps he had died. As Kurant write: "His bags were gone; he had cleared out...I became hostage to a crew of 80, and hadn't a clue how to pay the hotel bill or anything else." Then a few days later, at midnight, Welles's secretary called Kurant, and told him that Welles was waiting for him: in Vienna! A plane ticket was waiting, and Kurant "discreetly fled" the scene. The next day when his plane landed, Welles was waiting, "fresh as a daisy" and took Kurant out for a dinner of boiled beef.

14. The Deep: I'd always heard that the Deep was filmed from 1967-69, but Kurant says it was filmed in 1969 and 1970, though he wasn't there for the second part of the shoot.

15. When they started filming, neither Moreau or Kurant had read the script.

16. Welles had just acted in The Battle of Neretva, which was made in Yugoslavia, and "instead of being paid a salary, he asked for the equivalent in production costs for a film he wanted to film there":The Deep.

17. All the eqipment and technicians were supplied by the Yugoslav film company: "Only Oja, Jeanne, Orson and I came from Paris."

18. Somewhat obliquely, Kurant writes: "We shot very little. What I saw of it in Los Angeles wasn't very impressive."

19. Later Welles asked Kurant which filter he had used on some shots of Moreau; he told Welles it was "...a piece of sheer black nylon stocking, number 5, from Dior!"

20. One day Orson's secretary left the script on the side of the boat, and Jeanne read it: "She realized her role wasn't as big as Oja Kodar's. So the work stopped for one day while the two actresses spoke via their agents!" [Tony note: and Welles and Moreau, who has done such wonderful work together on The Trial, Chimes at Midnight and The Immortal Story, never worked together again. Welles wrote a part for Jeanne in The Other Side of the Wind, but she declined.]

21. Kurant says he had to leave the production for another project, so he didn't shoot Oja's scenes.

Here's a nice shot of Welles, Moreau, actor Michael Bryant and Kurant on the boat, apparently discussing the script; Welles is telling Moreau: "Really, Jeanne, it's a small, but crucial role"; Moreau isn't buying it:

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22. Production stopped for a while, and then started up again (it seems in 1970). However, Kurant was again busy, and could not participate. Six years later, Welles suddenly called Kurant and said: 'Can you come by the day after tomorrow to match up some shots for The Deep?" but Kurant again had to decline, as he was working on another picture. [Tony note: This is interesting, because this was the Gary Graver era.]

23. Years later, Welles called Kurant to work on "...some films on magic in the United States, but they were never made."

24. Kurant was very impressed by Welles's method of working: "The major difference between a great 'visual' director, like Orson, and some other directors is that the first type is open to discussion; they don't complicate things or bury you in visual theories...Welles had a very personal sense of composition: the foreground in a Welles film looks nothing like anyone else's. I loved his intuitive way of working. For almost all great directors, at the last minute intuition overrides planning."

25. Very interestingly, Kurant concludes with this statement:

Later on Welles "...got caught up in another system and started making films in 16mm. I think I was one of the last to have worked on his "professional" films (in 35mm with a planned release in theatres), among which you have some unfinished films." [Tony question: were The Other Side of the Wind, F For Fake and Filming Othello shot on videotape, or 16mm? Did Welles never again work in 35mm?]


It should be noted that this article is an English translation (dated Dec. 2001) of a French article. :;):
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Postby Glenn Anders » Sat May 27, 2006 8:29 pm

Splendid stills and rundown notations on Mr. Kurant's experience, Tony.

[That large camera resembles an old fashioned TV model, to me.]

I might note that I have just seen (courtesy of the elusive Todd Baeson) A TIME TO LEAVE, Jeanne Moreau's latest film. It is by Francois Ozon, who has made a reputation with films about death and the end of relationships starring legendary divas such as Catherine Deneuve, Isabelle Huppert, Emanuelle Beart, and Charlotte Rampling.

In this one, a gay Parisienne photographer discovers that he is dying of a brain tumor. He sets out to say good bye, capture some of his experience from mortality with his camera, and tie up the loose ends of his life, concealing from others the while what is happening to him.

Jeanne Moreau, who plays his 78 year-old grandmother out in the country, is one of few the hero confides in. [Moreau was born in 1928.] He comes into her room in the early morning and asks if he can lie down beside her. She points out that she sleeps in the nude. He says that doesn't matter.

The implication is that he does so.

Moreau, in an interview, says that Ozon shaped the scene in this fashion because he knows that she sleeps in the nude, too. ". . . I need to be nude in order to sleep. Like a baby."

She also notes that Ozon observed she consumes great numbers of vitamins and food supplements. And so, he has her say in TIME TO LEAVE: "I want to die in perfect health."

Not to worry. Jeanne Moreau has completed three films since this one.

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Postby Tashman » Sun May 28, 2006 6:10 pm

Thanks for the pics and summary, Tony.

About the color in the film (hopefully not too sore a subject), it's interesting that no questions are specifically answered by the given Kurant excerpts. That is, they don't tell us anything decisive. Obviously, it would not be very likely for Welles to design a film that could only be viewed as it was intended on late-1960s French television. But even in that case, since the suggestion is that they had a formula in mind to account for image loss and the strange effects of picture tubes, it seems any TV print (for which the colors were made especially rich) would not be correct on its own. Kurant only really says what kind of capability or potential the negative would hold.

Besides this, a particular lighting system (or maker) just doesn't tell us a lot. The main thing seems to be that it was "quick" for what it could give, and the anecdote is more about Kurant getting himself hired. Sometime later he presumably would have been correcting prints for theatrical screenings (simultaneous with the TV airing) at which point he would have either altered the values (the most probable scenario) or let them stand according to Welles' instructions.

I also wonder if Welles didn't, in spirit, appreciate or take advantage of this starting point, thinking outside the norm from the word "go."
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Postby Tony » Sun May 28, 2006 6:35 pm

Tashman:
I was thinking about the argument that has been made that the extreme and rich colours of the vhs tape of The Immortal Story are more accurate that the more muted colours of the "official" dvd release, and that Kurant's comments possibly support this, in that he maintains they had to have more contrast for the limited colour spectrum of the early colour TVs. The truth is that we might not know the original colour range, as colour negatives, especially from the late sixties, are notorious for being unstable. In addition, the DVD people might have adjusted the colours for today's aesthetics, just as the Kane DVD people lightened that film far too much, thinking they were "improving" it. Also ,we have the added question, as you have mentioned, that the film was clearly made for TV in 1966, and then in 68 or 69 it was given a theatrical release, and whether or not Welles and/or Kurant adjusted the colour for cinema showings. The really interesting thing for me is that The Heroine was filmed in 1969, and was intended as the companion piece to The Immortal Story for it's theatrical release, as together they would make up a 90 minute show. Since Welles abandoned The Heroine shoot, it looks like (from the above Press book) that Reichenbach's documentary on Welles went out as the companion piece instead (and went on to win the "Best Short" film award at the Berlin Film Festival). And since The Heroine was a 1969 shoot, it seems as though The Immortal story was both broadcast and shown at festivals in 1968, but was perhaps not shown theatrically until 69.

Another question, possibly related to the above, is what Glenn has noted, namely the very large camera in one of the photos looks like a TV camera, but in other shots, Kurant is using a much smaller camera, and writes about using a hand-held in the article.

At any rate, this is a little studied period of Welles; I remember how for decades The Merchant of Venice was not even known about at all. And Kurant seems a fascinating source: I wish we could interview him for the site. :;):
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Postby Roger Ryan » Sun May 28, 2006 6:40 pm

Tony wrote:25. Very interestingly, Kurant concludes with this statement:

Later on Welles "...got caught up in another system and started making films in 16mm. I think I was one of the last to have worked on his "professional" films (in 35mm with a planned release in theatres), among which you have some unfinished films." [Tony question: were The Other Side of the Wind, F For Fake and Filming Othello shot on videotape, or 16mm? Did Welles never again work in 35mm?]

All the new footage Welles shot in "F For Fake" was 35mm; you can compare it to the Reichenbach documentary footage which was shot in 16 mm (big difference in resolution). "The Other Side Of The Wind" was intended to be shot on differing film stock to represent the footage shot by a documentary crew, Hannaford's film itself, etc. In the screening room scene the footage of Billy trying to reassure the studio head looks like 16 mm to me while the "film" being projected (Oja being followed by John Dale on motorcycle) looks like 35 mm which would make sense given Welles' concept for the differing stock. We know that Welles intended to use videotape for "Lear", but most of the "Magic Show" footage I've seen as well as "The Dreamers" test footage looks like 35 mm again. Not certain what Kurant is getting at with his statement, if it's even translated properly.
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Postby Tony » Sun May 28, 2006 6:48 pm

Roger: The French is printed beside the English in the article, but I don't read French! As for Kurant's comment, my guess is that he saw what everyone else saw: the AFI segment of "Wind", "F For Fake" and perhaps "Filming Othello"; the latter two are TV productions, and "Wind" has all that 16mm material. Also, the style is different: compare the stills from "THe Heroine" and "The Immortal Story" above, which have a formal beauty, and the more informal style of the 70s films.
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Postby Tashman » Mon May 29, 2006 12:58 am

we might not know the original colour range, as colour negatives, especially from the late sixties, are notorious for being unstable.

Yes, and even without that added complication, there is simply the variability of color in the development process. And again, as we've both said, Kurant was speaking about a kind of strategic generalization at the outset; there is no telling what the practical decisions were, scene by scene, except from what we can see for ourselves: Kurant hasn't told us. Thanks for the clarification about when it was on screens.

As to home video, it's all such a crapshoot. For the record, I'm well satisfied with the IMMORTAL dvd, but have not seen any other home video source.

Another question...Glenn has noted, namely the very large camera in one of the photos looks like a TV camera

It looks like a TV camera seen from the rear, with the hooded viewscreen rather than an eyepiece, and the boxed body. I've never seen a TV camera with a business-end that looked like that, but maybe. I don't know what the hell it is. Perhaps there's a European explanation.
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Postby chipm » Sun Jan 28, 2007 2:36 am

Is there an English copy of Framing for Orson Welles available to read?
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